R Graphics Cookbook JHedzWorlD

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R Graphics Cookbook

This practical guide provides more than 150 recipes to help you generate high-quality graphs quickly, without having to comb through all the details of R’s graphing systems. Each recipe tackles a specific problem with a solution you can apply to your own project, and includes a discussion of how and why the recipe works.

Most of the recipes use the ggplot2 package, a powerful and flexible way to make graphs in R. If you have a basic understanding of the R language, you’re ready to get started.

• Use R’s default graphics for quick exploration of data


• Create a variety of bar graphs, line graphs, and scatter plots


• Summarize data distributions with histograms, density curves, box plots, and other examples


• Provide annotations to help viewers interpret data


• Control the overall appearance of graphics


• Render data groups alongside each other for easy comparison


• Use colors in plots


• Create network graphs, heat maps, and 3D scatter plots


• Structure data for graphing

Q&A with Winston Chang, author of “R Graphics Cookbook: Practical Recipes for Visualizing Data”

Q. Why is your book timely?

A. Interest in R for data analysis and visualization has exploded in recent years. In the computer-tech world, computers and networks have made it much easier to gather and organize data, and more and more people have recognized that there’s useful information to be found. To illustrate, consider the job “data scientist”: this is a job title that didn’t even exist five years ago, and now it’s one of the hottest tickets on the market.

At the same time, there’s been a swell of interest in R in its more traditional setting, in science and engineering. I think there are many reasons for this. One, is that there’s a growing recognition outside of the computer-programmer world that learning a little programming can save you a lot of time and reduce errors. Another reason is that the last few years have seen an improvement in the user-friendliness of tools for using R.

So there’s a lot of interest in using R for finding information in data, and visualization an essential tool for doing this. Data visualizations can help you understand your data and find patterns when you’re in the exploratory phase of data analysis, and they are essential for communicating your findings to others.

Q. What information do you hope that readers of your book will walk away with?

A. As my book is a Cookbook, the primary goal is to efficiently present solutions for visualizing data, without demanding a large investment of time from the reader. For many readers, the goal is to just figure out how to make a particular type of graph and be done with it.

There are others who will want to gain a deeper understanding of how graphing works in R. For these readers, I’ve written an appendix on the graphing package ggplot2, which is used extensively in the recipes in the book. This appendix explains some of the concepts in the grammar of graphics, and how they relate to structures common to data visualizations in general.

Finally, I hope that readers will find ideas and inspiration for visualizing their data by browsing the pages and looking at the pictures.

Q. What’s the most exciting/important thing happening in your space?

A. I’m excited that R is becoming more and more accessible to users who don’t primarily identify as programmers. Many scientists, engineers, and data analysts have outgrown programs that provide canned data analysis routines, and they’re turning increasingly to R. The growing popularity of R is part of a virtuous circle: as R gains a larger user base, it encourages people to create better educational materials and programming tools for R, which in turn helps to grow the number of R users.

Technology-wise, I’m excited by Shiny, which is a framework for bringing R analyses to the web. (I should mention that this it’s part of my job to work on the development of Shiny.) This makes it possible to build interactive applications for data analysis and visualization for users who don’t need to know R, or even that the application is backed by R.

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R Graphics Cookbook

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Not that I am grammatically-flawless, but signs like this really bug me (I have found). It’s obvious what they mean, but if you read it and think about it (not the Stop sign), it doesn’t make sense. "R X R" doesn’t mean "railroad crossing." They could have just left the "X" out and I wouldn’t have complained.

It just amazes me what the civil engineers or city planners or whoever must plan these signs think is acceptable.

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R.H. Jackson

[between ca. 1910 and ca. 1915]

1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller.

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Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).

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Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.

Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print

General information about the Bain Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain

Higher resolution image is available (Persistent URL): hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.16015

Call Number: LC-B2- 3054-13

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